A state legislature raises the minimum age for an unrestricted driver's license from 17 to 18. Congress has passed no law on the subject. Which constitutional principle best explains the state's authority to set this rule?

Reserved powers—powers not delegated to the national government are kept by the states or the people

Supremacy clause—state laws override federal laws whenever the two are in direct conflict with each other

Enumerated powers—the Constitution lists driver licensing among the powers of Congress

Judicial review—state courts may declare federal laws unconstitutional and void

To protest British rule in India, Mohandas Gandhi led followers on a long march to the sea, where they made salt from seawater in defiance of a British law that taxed salt and gave the colonial government a monopoly on producing it. Thousands more soon joined in. This action best illustrates which strategy?

Nonviolent civil disobedience—openly breaking an unjust law and accepting the penalty

Armed insurrection—using organized military force to drive the British colonial rulers out of India

Economic sanctions—persuading foreign governments to stop trading with Britain

Diplomatic appeal—asking the League of Nations to rule on India's independence

"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition... If men were angels, no government would be necessary." —James Madison, Federalist No. 51 Which feature of the U.S. Constitution best reflects the reasoning in this excerpt?

Giving each branch tools to limit the others, such as the presidential veto

Guaranteeing freedom of speech and of the press in the First Amendment

Allowing voters in each state to elect their U.S. senators directly

Creating a single national legislature whose members are chosen by the states

In the late 1980s, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) and signaled that the USSR would no longer use force to keep Eastern European governments in power. Which development followed most directly?

Eastern Europe's communist governments fell, and the Berlin Wall opened

The Warsaw Pact expanded westward to include several NATO member nations

China adopted a multiparty democracy modeled on the Soviet reforms

The Soviet Union built new barriers to stop emigration to Western Europe

Whales live in the ocean, have fins and a streamlined body, breathe air with lungs, nurse their young with milk, and have a few hairs at some stage of life. Which pair of traits is the strongest evidence that whales are mammals rather than fish?

Nursing young with milk and having hair

Living in the ocean and having fins

Having a backbone and a streamlined body

Breathing with lungs and having a tail

Praxis Elementary Education Three Subject Bundle: Mathematics, Social Studies, and Science (5901)

Free Praxis Elementary Education Practice Questions

10 sample questions for the Praxis Elementary Education Three Subject Bundle: Mathematics, Social Studies, and Science (5901), with the correct answer and an explanation for each. No account needed. Try each one before you open the answer.

Sections covered on the exam: Mathematics, Social Studies, Science.

Question 1 · Mathematics
A number is made of 4 thousands, 12 hundreds, 3 tens, and 15 ones. What is the number in standard form?
- A.4,245
- B.5,245
- C.41,235
- D.5,345
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. 5,245
Rename each group: 4 thousands = 4,000; 12 hundreds = 1,200; 3 tens = 30; 15 ones = 15. Adding gives 4,000 + 1,200 + 30 + 15 = 5,245. Writing the digits side by side (41,235-style answers) or failing to regroup the 12 hundreds into 1 thousand and 2 hundreds (4,245) are the common errors.
Question 2 · Mathematics
Hours of work 2 5
Total charge ($) 170 335
A plumber charges a flat service fee plus the same hourly rate for every job. The table shows the total charge for two jobs. What is the plumber's flat service fee?
- A.$55
- B.$60
- C.$85
- D.$115
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. $60
The hourly rate is (335 − 170) ÷ (5 − 2) = 165 ÷ 3 = $55. For 2 hours, 170 = 2(55) + fee, so the fee is 170 − 110 = $60. The value $85 comes from 170 ÷ 2, which wrongly assumes there is no flat fee, and $55 is the hourly rate.
Question 3 · Social Studies
A state legislature raises the minimum age for an unrestricted driver's license from 17 to 18. Congress has passed no law on the subject. Which constitutional principle best explains the state's authority to set this rule?
- A.Reserved powers—powers not delegated to the national government are kept by the states or the people
- B.Supremacy clause—state laws override federal laws whenever the two are in direct conflict with each other
- C.Enumerated powers—the Constitution lists driver licensing among the powers of Congress
- D.Judicial review—state courts may declare federal laws unconstitutional and void
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. Reserved powers—powers not delegated to the national government are kept by the states or the people
The Tenth Amendment reserves powers not given to the national government to the states, and licensing drivers is a traditional state power. The supremacy clause works the opposite way: valid federal law overrides conflicting state law, and licensing is not an enumerated power of Congress.
Question 4 · Social Studies
To protest British rule in India, Mohandas Gandhi led followers on a long march to the sea, where they made salt from seawater in defiance of a British law that taxed salt and gave the colonial government a monopoly on producing it. Thousands more soon joined in. This action best illustrates which strategy?
- A.Armed insurrection—using organized military force to drive the British colonial rulers out of India
- B.Economic sanctions—persuading foreign governments to stop trading with Britain
- C.Diplomatic appeal—asking the League of Nations to rule on India's independence
- D.Nonviolent civil disobedience—openly breaking an unjust law and accepting the penalty
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Nonviolent civil disobedience—openly breaking an unjust law and accepting the penalty
The Salt March was a deliberate, peaceful violation of the Salt Laws, and Gandhi and tens of thousands of others accepted arrest, drawing world attention to British rule. It involved no weapons, and its pressure came from Indian mass participation rather than from foreign governments or international bodies.
Question 5 · Science
Dichotomous key:
Step Characteristic Result
1a Has 6 legs Go to step 2
1b Has 8 legs Go to step 3
2a Has wings Species A
2b Has no wings Species B
3a Body has two distinct sections Species C
3b Body appears as one oval section Species D
Use the key above. A specimen has 8 legs, a body that appears as one oval section, and no wings. Which species is it?
- A.Species A
- B.Species B
- C.Species C
- D.Species D
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Species D
Having 8 legs sends the specimen from step 1b to step 3. Because its body appears as one oval section, step 3b identifies it as Species D (an organism like a tick or mite). Species C also has 8 legs, but its body has two distinct sections.
Question 6 · Mathematics
How many times greater is the value of the digit 4 in 4,382.6 than the value of the digit 4 in 23.94?
- A.100,000
- B.10,000
- C.1,000,000
- D.1,000
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. 100,000
In 4,382.6 the 4 is in the thousands place (4,000); in 23.94 it is in the hundredths place (0.04). Divide: 4,000 ÷ 0.04 = 100,000, because the places are five positions apart (10⁵). Treating the hundredths digit as if it were in the tenths place gives 4,000 ÷ 0.4 = 10,000.
Question 7 · Mathematics
Gym A charges $30 per month plus $8 per visit. Gym B charges $50 per month plus $4 per visit. For which numbers of visits in a month is Gym B less expensive than Gym A?
- A.More than 5 visits
- B.Fewer than 5 visits
- C.More than 20 visits
- D.Exactly 5 visits
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. More than 5 visits
Set up 50 + 4v < 30 + 8v. Subtract 30 and 4v: 20 < 4v, so v > 5. At exactly 5 visits both gyms cost $70, so Gym B is cheaper only for more than 5 visits. The value 20 is just the difference in monthly fees, not the break-even point.
Question 8 · Social Studies
"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition... If men were angels, no government would be necessary." —James Madison, Federalist No. 51
Which feature of the U.S. Constitution best reflects the reasoning in this excerpt?
- A.Giving each branch tools to limit the others, such as the presidential veto
- B.Guaranteeing freedom of speech and of the press in the First Amendment
- C.Allowing voters in each state to elect their U.S. senators directly
- D.Creating a single national legislature whose members are chosen by the states
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. Giving each branch tools to limit the others, such as the presidential veto
Madison argued that because people are not angels, each branch must have the means to check the ambitions of the others, which the Constitution does through vetoes, confirmations, and judicial review. A single legislature chosen by the states describes the Articles of Confederation, which lacked these internal checks.
Question 9 · Social Studies
In the late 1980s, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) and signaled that the USSR would no longer use force to keep Eastern European governments in power. Which development followed most directly?
- A.Eastern Europe's communist governments fell, and the Berlin Wall opened
- B.The Warsaw Pact expanded westward to include several NATO member nations
- C.China adopted a multiparty democracy modeled on the Soviet reforms
- D.The Soviet Union built new barriers to stop emigration to Western Europe
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. Eastern Europe's communist governments fell, and the Berlin Wall opened
Without the threat of Soviet military intervention, popular movements in Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and elsewhere toppled communist governments, and East Germany opened the Berlin Wall. China's government kept one-party rule and crushed the Tiananmen Square protests during the same period.
Question 10 · Science
Whales live in the ocean, have fins and a streamlined body, breathe air with lungs, nurse their young with milk, and have a few hairs at some stage of life. Which pair of traits is the strongest evidence that whales are mammals rather than fish?
- A.Living in the ocean and having fins
- B.Having a backbone and a streamlined body
- C.Breathing with lungs and having a tail
- D.Nursing young with milk and having hair
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Nursing young with milk and having hair
Producing milk and having hair are traits found in all mammals and in no other animal group, so they are the defining evidence. Breathing with lungs is shared with reptiles, birds, and most amphibians, so it does not by itself identify a mammal. Fins, backbones, and streamlined bodies are shared with fish.

Hours of work	2	5
Total charge ($)	170	335

Step	Characteristic	Result
1a	Has 6 legs	Go to step 2
1b	Has 8 legs	Go to step 3
2a	Has wings	Species A
2b	Has no wings	Species B
3a	Body has two distinct sections	Species C
3b	Body appears as one oval section	Species D

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